← FIFA World Cup 2018 · Sat, Jul 7, 03:00 PM UTC · ref: B. Kuipers
The betting picturemarket vs our model, market by market
“Market” = what bookmaker prices imply after removing their margin — the world's best guess. “Model” = what our machine-learning model said BEFORE this game, replayed honestly (it never saw the result). A bet is only interesting when the model sees something meaningfully more likely than the market does (the edge) — it's never about picking the winner.
Who wins? (90 minutes)
| Outcome | Market says | Model says | Best price | Verdict |
|---|
| England win | 53% | 30% | 1.92 | fair |
| Draw | 29% | 36% | 3.50 | value: +26% |
| Sweden win | 19% | 34% | 5.60 | value: +91% ⚠ |
across 3 bookmakers · probabilities de-vigged (bookmaker margin removed)
Timeline
from ESPN event data · goals, cards and shootout kicks
The match in numberswhat happened + what each side looked like walking in
Pre-match form
What each side looked like walking in — computed only from games before this one.
Everything else we hold on this match · 1 more recorded fact — tap to expand